This Day, July 28, In Jewish History by Mitchell A and Deb Levin Z"L

July 28

450: Theodosius II the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 408 to 450 passed away. His reign was not a good period for the Jews people. In 425 “on the death of the Jewish Patriarch Gamaliel II, the patriarchate, and the Jewish council associated with it, is ended.” In 429 the “Roman empire formally abolished the Jewish Patriarchate and diverted the Jewish temple tax to the imperial treasury. In 439 The Theodosian Code was “published which, among others, imposed the death penalty on any Jew who tried to convert a Christian to Judaism” and excluded Jews from holding public office.

 

532: “Emperor Justinian issues a new law condemning Manichaeans, Samaritans, and heretics. In the process, he categorizes Jews as being heretics” "Since many judges, in deciding cases, have addressed us in need of our decision, asking that they be informed what ought to be done with witnesses who are heretics, whether their testimony ought to be received or rejected. We therefore ordain that no heretic, nor even they who cherish the Jewish superstition, may offer testimony against orthodox Christians who are engaged in litigation, whether one or the other of the parties is an orthodox Christian." (As reported by Austin Cline)

 

1232: In a grant issued today, King Henry III gave Peter de Rivel “the office of Treasurer and Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer, the king's ports and coast, and ‘the custody of the King's Judaism in Ireland’” which meant that all Jews in Ireland shall be intentive and respondent to Peter as their keeper in all things touching the king".

1294: Adolf of Nassau “issued an order” forbidding Jews in Worms to acquire real estate and banning them from occupying “the commons” i.e. territory belonging to the commonwealth.

 

1315: Nine years after he had expelled the Jews (1306), King Louis X of France issued an edict that permitted “the Jews to return for a period of twelve years, authorizing them to establish themselves in the cities in which they had lived before their banishment. He issued this edict in answer to the demands of the people. Geoffroy of Paris, the popular poet of the time, says in fact that the Jews were gentle in comparison with the Christians who had taken their place, and who had flayed their debtors alive; if the Jews had remained, the country would have been happier; for there were no longer any moneylenders at all (Bouquet, xxii. 118). The king probably had the interests of his treasury also in view. The profits of the former confiscations had gone into the treasury, and by recalling the Jews for only twelve years he would have an opportunity for ransoming them at the end of this period. It appears that they gave the sum of 122,500 livres for the privilege of returning. It is also probable, as Vuitry states, that a large number of the debts owing to the Jews had not been recovered, and that the holders of the notes had preserved them; the decree of return specified that two-thirds of the old debts recovered by the Jews should go into the treasury. The conditions under which they were allowed to settle in the land are set forth in a number of articles; some of the guaranties which were accorded the Jews had probably been demanded by them and been paid for. They were to live by the work of their hands or to sell merchandise of a good quality; they were to wear the circular badge, and not discuss religion with laymen. They were not to be molested, either with regard to the chattels they had carried away at the time of their banishment, or with regard to the loans which they had made since then, or in general with regard to anything which had happened in the past. Their synagogues and their cemeteries were to be restored to them on condition that they would refund their value; or, if these could not be restored, the king would give them the necessary sites at a reasonable price. The books of the Law that had not yet been returned to them were also to be restored, with the exception of the Talmud. After the period of twelve years granted to them the king might not expel the Jews again without giving them a year's time in which to dispose of their property and carry away their goods. They were not to lend on usury, and no one was to be forced by the king or his officers to repay to them usurious loans. If they engaged in pawn broking, they were not to take more than two deniers in the pound a week; they were to lend only on pledges. Two men with the title "auditors of the Jews" were entrusted with the execution of this ordinance, and were to take cognizance of all claims that might arise in connection with goods belonging to the Jews which had been sold before the expulsion for less than half of what was regarded as a fair price. The king finally declared that he took the Jews under his special protection, and that he desired to have their persons and property protected from all violence, injury, and oppression.”

 

1586:  The first potato arrived in Britain.  Since the potato is indigenous to Peru and Bolivia this date means that European Jews could not have enjoyed such delicacies as Latkes and Potato Knishes until at least the 17^th century.

1588: As the English continued their fight against the Armada, whose victory would have brought the Inquisition to the Netherlands where Sephardic Jews had found a refugee, today, “the English sent five fireships toward the Spanish fleet, which avoided being damaged by scattering which gave the English an edge in the decisive Battle of Gravelines.

 

1609: Bermuda is first settled, by survivors of the English Sea Venture, en route to Virginia. “Historically, few Jews moved to Bermuda because of the harsh policies of the English toward Jews on the island in the 18th century. There is one place on the island, Jews Bay, which proves Jewish origins in Bermuda. The name of the bay dates back to the early 1600s, and is considered to be named after a group of Jews who did business on the island.” http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/bermuda.html

 

1627: Emperor Ferdinand II, “the terror of the Protestants” sent a “threatening letter” to the senate in Hamburg expressing his indignation that “the Lutheran city on the Elbe would not allow Catholics to build a church” but would allow the Jews open a synagogue because of their importance in the trading life of the city.  The city relied on the support of Portuguese Jews living in Amsterdam for financial support and had allowed a group of them to settle in the city.

 

1648: Three thousand Jewish children were killed by Chmeilnicki's hordes in Konstantnow.

 

1677: In Saint Michael, Barbados, Rodriguez Marques and Rachell Laborde gave birth to future New York resident, Isaac Rodriguez Marques the husband of Rachel Simpson with whom he had 8 children.

 

1754(9^th of Av, 5514): Tish’a B’Av observed for the first time during the French and Indian War.

 

1764:  In York, PA, Shinah Solomon and Elijah Etting gave birth to Solomon Etting, the Baltimore businessman and politician who led the successful fight to end Maryland’s laws that banned non-Christians from holding public office and practicing law and who married Rachel Gratz after the death of his first wife, Rachel Simon.

 

1765(10^th Av, 5525): Tish’a B’Av observed on the same day “Empress Xiaoyichun was granted the title of Imperial Noble Consort Ling (令皇貴妃), which was second only to Empress Ulanara.”

https://mummipedia.fandom.com/wiki/Empress_Xiaoyichun

 

1768: Birthdate of Isaac Gomez, Jr. the author of “a manuscript entitled ‘The Genealogy of the Gomez Family Down to the Year 1826’.”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43057642?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

 

1773(8^th of Av, 5533): Erev Tish’a B’Av observed for the first time after the passage of Tea Act which led to the Boston Tea Party which led to the American Revolution.

 

1776: Jonas Phillips “sent a letter to a relative and business correspondent of his in Holland, Gumpel Samson by way of the Dutch Island of St. Eustatius. The letter begins by discussing his last letter and other business matters. He moves on to discuss the conflict with England and laconically mentions that the Americans have 100,000 soldiers to the British 25,000. He finishes the letter with an appendix of items he want sent to America so he may sell them.  There are two important things about this letter. First, Jonas enclosed within the letter a newly-minted copy of the Declaration of Independence. And secondly, Jonas wrote the letter in Yiddish. Since at war with Britain Jonas would have expected the letter to be intercepted, but by writing in Yiddish they would not be able to read it. The British did intercept the letter and not knowing in language it was written concluded it was in code.” Phillips was born in Germany in 1736 and came to America in 1756.  After working as an indentured servant in Charleston SC, he moved North, eventually settling in New York City where he became a successful merchant who was active in the Jewish community of both NYC and Philadelphia and supporter of the American Revolution.  He was the grandfather of Uriah Phillips Levy, the first Jewish Commodore in the United States Navy.

 

1779(15^th of Av, 5539): Tu B’Av observed on the same day that during the American Revolution, under heavy covering fire from the Tyrannicide, Hunter, and Sky Rocket, American Brigadier General Peleg Wadsworth led an assault force of 400 (200 marines and 200 militia)[34] ashore before dawn at Dyce's Head on the western tip of the peninsula with orders to capture Fort George.

 

1786: Joseph Abraham Stelicki, a well-educated middle-class Catholic who converted to Judaism was not charged with failure to pay the special taxes on Jews because he was deemed to “be mentally unbalanced.”

1789(5th of Av, 5549): Meir ben Saul Barby the scholar who escaped poverty and served as rabbi at congregations at Halberstadt and Halle-on-the-Salle.

 

1792((9^th of Av, 5552): Parsahat Devarim, Shabbat Chazon; Erev Tish’a B’Av observed as an army of Austrians and Prussians invaded France in the first year of the “War of the First Coalition.”

 

1794:  French political leader and revolutionary, Maximilien Robespierre meets his fate with the guillotine.  Whatever his other shortcomings, Robespierre took the unpopular stance of advocating full rights for the Jews of France when the subject first was debated in 1789. In part he stated, “How can you blame the Jews for the persecution they have suffered in certain countries?  These are, on the contrary, national crimes that we must expiate by restoring to them the imprescribable rights of man of which no human authority can deprive them…Let us give them back their happiness, their country and their virtue by restoring them their dignity as men and citizens…The vices of the Jews are born of the abasement in which you [Christians] have plunged them.  Raise their condition and they will speedily rise to it!”

 

1797: Sixteen year old Baltimore native Zipporah Russell, the daughter of Philip Moses Russell and the granddaughter of Dr. Samuel Nunez, the Sephardic Jew who brought the first Torah to Savannah, GA, married Isaac D. Mordecai today.

 

1808: Birthdate of Salomon (Solomon) Formstecher, “a German rabbi and student of Jewish theology.”

 

1809(15^th of Av. 5569): Tu B’Av

 

1812: In Warsaw Jan Kraszewski and Zofia Kraszewska née Malska gave birth to Józef Ignacy Kraszewski author of The Jews in which the protagonist Jacob, a “highly-educated and philosophical Jews” “is forced to take part in the revolution” “against his will” and who “found many colorful words to describe Jewish women of whom he wrote “Nearby industrious Jewess sit in their little stores, aloof from the crowds of people, and with their shrieks and yells they call people in, tempt them, beg, pull in , quarrel, bargain, even fight – with astonishing multitasking astuteness and unappreciated talent.”

 

1814: Birthdate of Betty Berta Warburg.

 

1817: In London, Isaac Isaacs and Elizabeth Davis gave birth to Barnett Isaacs.

 

1821: Jose de San Martin declares Peru’s independence from Spain. San Martin was one of the great leaders in the fight to free South America from Spanish rule.  At the time of Peru’s liberation from Spanish rule, whatever Jewish population existed in “the land of the Incas” was made of conversos or secret Jews.  The Jewish Peruvians slowly made their presence known but it was not until the middle of the 19^th century that they would become an open, functioning community.

 

1822(10^th of Av, 5582) Fast of Tisha B’Av observed

1830: In Lauterbourg, France “David Caspari and the former Charlotte Baruch gave birth to Leopold Caspari who came to the United States after the Revolution of 1848 and settle in Natchitoches, Louisiana which he eventually represented in the state legislature where he worked for the creation of what is now Northwestern State University.

1833: In Lengsfeld, Menke Barkhouse and Bertha Schwab gave birth to Louisville, KY resident Louis Barkhouse, the husband of Nancy C. Sikels who was the “director of the Jewish Hospital” and “president of Congregation Adath Israel.

1834(21^st of Tammuz, 5594): Abraham Hirsh Lwow passed away today.

1836(14^th of Av, 5596): Nathan Mayer Rothschild, the founder of the London branch of the House of Rothschild passed away. The Jewish Virtual Library provides an interesting synopsis of his life. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/RothschildN.html

1836: Herman and Johanna Diamant gave birth to Jeanette Johanna Herzl, who married Jacob Herzl and became the mother of Theodor Herzl.

1837(25^th of Tammuz, 5597): Solomon M. Hyams, the Dublin born son of Judith Hyams and husband of Rebecca Hyams and Catherine Hyams passed away today in Charleston, SC.

1841(10^th of Av, 5601): Revolutionary War veteran and medical doctor David Sarzedas, the husband of Sarah Sarzedas and father of David Sarzedas, Jr. passed away today in Charleston, SC

1841: In “Hoeringhausen, Germany, Sarah and Hirsch Böhm” gave birth to “real estate developer” Abraham Boehm who was married to Ida Knobloch and Hazel Handforth.

1844:In Bechtheim, Germany, Abraham Love and Jeanette Joseph gave birth to Leo Loeb the husband of Rosetta Wolf, who staring in 1891 began serving as the President of the Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum in Philadelphia.

1847(15th of Av, 5607): Tu B’Av

1847: Jacob Waley married Matilda Solomon in the Great Synagogue today.

1849(9^th of Av, 5609): Parashat Devarim; Erev Tish’a B’Av

1849: The First National Assembly of Hungary led by the revolutionary leader Kossuth, granted complete political and civil rights to the Jews in recognition of their loyalty.

1851: In Maryland, “Sophie (née Baer) and Joseph Sachs, both Jewish immigrants from Bavaria, Germany” gave birth to Samuel Sachs, the brother of Julius, Emily, Henry and Bernard Sachs and husband of Louisa Goldman, the daughter of Marcus Goldman whose business he joined after working with Philip Lehman of Lehman brothers eventually necessitating the firm being called “Goldman Sachs.”

 Birthdate of Samuel Sachs, the Maryland native who gained fame as part of Goldman-Sachs.

1852: Rabbi Lyon officiated at the wedding of P.S. Jacobs from Columbia, SC and Mary Ann Adler of Charleston, SC.

1854: Hyman Cohen, the husband of Maria Cohen with whom he had six children – Matilda, Rachel Lionel, Lawrence, Alfred and David -  was laid to rest today at the Brady Street Jewish Cemetery.

1855(13th of Av, 5615): Eighty-year old Salomon Mayer von Rothschild the second son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild and the founder of the Viennese branch of the House of Rothschild whose children were Anselm Salomon von Rothschild and Betty Salomon passed away today. A measure of his accomplishments can be seen by the fact that in 1822 Emperor Francis I awarded him the hereditary title of “Baron” making the Jewish financier a part of the Austrian nobility.

1855: Today’s “Foreign Extracts” column reported that John Abrams, a Polish Jew, has been charged with trying to induce members of the Foreign Legion stationed at Shorncliffe to desert. Based on the questioning of officers and enlisted men, it is believed that Abrams is an agent of the Russian government.  [This episode took place during the Crimean War when Britain and France were fighting Russia.]

1858(17^th of Av, 5618): Sixty-five year old French banker Benoît (Bénédict) Fould, the husband of Helena Oppenheim, the daughter of Salomon Oppenhiem, who was also “active in Jewish communal affairs” passed away today.

1859: Three days after he had passed away, David Jonassohn was laid to rest today at the Balls Pond Road Jewish Cemetery.

1859: Birthdate of Professor Herman Volrath Hilprecht, the German and American trained archaeologist who was “in charge of the University of Pennsylvania Babylonian Expedition at Nippur which has discovered cuneiform tablets which confirm that the history of the Babylonian Empire, the Empire that destroyed the First Temple at Jerusalem, “can be traced back to seven thousand years before Christ.”

1860(9^th of Av, 5620): Parashat Devarim; Shabbat Chazon; Erev Tish’a B’av observed for the last time during the pathetic presidency of James Buchanan.

1861: A review of History of Civilization by Thomas Buckle reports that "Jews and heretics were persecuted with unrelenting vigor" in pre-711 Spain when Arian Visigoths and the orthodox Franks were contesting for power.

1861: Three days after she had passed way, fifty-five year old Mary Solomons, the wife of Lewis Marks was buried today at the “Brompton (Fulham Road) Synagogue.

1863: As the United States implemented a draft during the Civil War that resulted in a major riot in July of 1863, it was reported today that “a Jew broker, from New-York, reached West Chester with a dozen men to hire out as substitutes. The men boasted that they were from New-York, and were engaged in the late riots.”

1863: In Strassburg, West Prussia, “Rabbi Samuel H. Willner and Sarah Hertzfeld gave birth to Yale University and Johns Hopkins University educated Wolff Willner who served as the Rabbi at Congregation Ohen Sholom in Newark, NJ, Congregation Beth Israel in Houston, TX,  the Eden Street Synagogue in Baltimore, MD and, Congregation Beth Israel in Meridian, Mississippi starting in 1895.

1863: During the Civil War, First Sergeant Emanuel Myers of Company I of the 165^th Regiment and Quartermaster Milton Sultzbach of the 166^th Regiment were mustered out of the Union Army.

1868(9th of Av, 5628) Tish’a B’Av

1868: The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is certified, establishing African-American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law. The “Due Process Clause” prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness. This clause has been used to make most of the Bill of Rights applicable to the individual states, which was a boon for Jewish interests because of the language in the First Amendment that guarantees freedom of religion.

1868: Birthdate of French poet and Zionist André Spire

1870: On what would turn out to be the last night of his life, prominent New Yorker Benjamin Nathan went to sleep on mattresses on the second floor reception room of his mansion.  Nathans’ house was being renovated so he could not spend the night in his bedroom. His son Frederick returned to the house to before midnight.  His other son, Washington, returned after midnight when his father was already asleep.

1872(22nd of Tammuz, 5632): William Moss, Jr., the infant son of Mary Norohna and William Moss passed away today.

1874: Birthdate of Breslau, Germany native and “renowned philosopher” Ernst Cassirer “who was ousted from a professorship at the University of Hamburg under the Aryan and political conformity sections of the Hitler Civil Service Act” and came United States in 1941 where he became a visiting professor of philosophy at Columbia where he and his wife Toni Bondy Cassirer raised three children – Heinrich, Georg and Anne.

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cassirer/

1875: Birthdate of Jacob Solomons who gained famed as John Parker author of Who's who in the theatre; a biographical record of the contemporary stage and The Green Room Book: Who’s Who on the Stage.

1875: Sir Moses Montefiore visited the large Ashkenazi synagogue in Jerusalem where he was greeted by Haham Bashi who later entertained the British nobleman at his home.  A crowd of 20,000 that included Jews, Muslims and Christians, greeted the Baronet as he walked the streets of the City of David.

1876: The German parliament passed the Austrittsgesetz, which allowed Jews to secede from their religious community which led “Samson Raphael Hirsch of Frankfurt, who had campaigned for the law to be passed, to declare that Orthodox Jews in Frankfurt had the duty to officially secede from the non-Orthodox Grossgemeinde.”

1877: Birthdate of Philadelphia native and NYU trained attorney Herbert Louis May, the former counsel to the High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany

1879(8th of Av, 5639): Erev Tish'a B'Av

1879: In Paris, Helene and Leon Yehudah Tedesco gave birth to Giacomo Tedesco.

1881: “The Troubles In Russia” published today described “the disinclination” of the United States to join European governments in a proposed communique being sent to the Czar to protest Russia’s treatment of her Jews since it has “already instructed its Minister to Russia on the subject.”

1882(10^th of Av, 5582): Tish’a B’Av

1882: The Polish Jews traveling in steerage got the fright of their life today when the SS. Gellert caught fire as it sailed from New York to Hamburg.  The fire which was caused by smoldering tobacco melted part of the iron deck before it was extinguished.

1882: In New York City, “Max and Rae (Frankel) Stern gave birth NYU trained attorney Adolph Stern, “a member of the New York State Assembly” for two years, the husband of the former Blanche Moshkovitz and an active leader of the Jewish community as can be seen by his service as Grandmaster and counsel for the International Order of B’nai B’rith, director of the Associated Hebrew Day Nursery and Infants Home and member of the “Advisory Board of Editors for the 1926 edition of the “Who’s Who in American Jewry.”

1883: In Russia, Moses and Isabelle (Kuklinsky) Fox gave birth to University of Chicago graduate ad HUC trained rabbi Gresham George Fox, the husband of Hortense Lewis who served as the Rabbi for Congregation Beth El in Ft. Worth, TX and found the South Short Temple of Chicago in 1922.

1883: At Nyireghyhaza, Hungary, where a group of Jews has been charged with murdering a Christian girl the prosecution and defense gave their summations today.  The prosecution contended that for the Jews, “ritual murder was common and frequent.”  The defense “derided the charge” that Jews shed Christian blood as part of their rituals and said the charge was a lie used to “excite Christians against Jews.”

1884: James R. Osgood & Company has published Stray Leaves from Strange Literature, a collection of myths and legends including some from the Jewish people, by Lafacdio Hearn.

1884: A court circular from Marlborough House dated today noted that Walter Goodman had submitted the portrait of The Duke of Albany to the Prince and Princess of Wales, from where it was currently displayed at The Guildhall. Goodman was the second generation of Jewish painters in his family since his mother was Julia Salaman.

1885(16th of Av, 5645): Sir Moses Montefiore, one of the most famous and influential Jew of the 19^th century passed away in the 101^st year of his long and fruitful life. Ironically, while many Jews living in the 21^st century have heard the name Montefiore in connection with a particular institution or building, including the famous Windmill in Jerusalem, few know much about his lifetime of accomplishments.  There is no way that this Blog can do him justice.  These websites should help fill in some of the gaps.

http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/110.3/green.html

http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/770671/jewish/Sir-Moses-Montefiore.htm

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/montefiore.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dD4ERPVUGHM

1886: “Europeans in Persia” published today described the impact that westerners were having on Tehran including the local Jewish population which has benefited from the arrival of a Jewish dentist, doctor and “chemist” (pharmacist).

1886: In Pittsburgh, PA, “Herman and Lena (Berger) Gross gave birth to Howard Albert Gross who went from being an executive in the auto supply business, to serving as secretary and treasurer of the International Realty Company, to serving as secretary of the S and S Film and Supply Company which, thanks to growing popularity of motion pictures “yielded him increasingly larger returns” while at the same time being a member of the Americus Republican Club and a member, with his wife, the former Clara Griffiths was a member of Congregation Rodeph Shalom.

1886: The Castle Garden Committee of the Commissioners of Emigration is scheduled to meet today to consider the offer of several New York rabbis to provide financial guarantees for recently arrived Jewish immigrants from Russia so that they would not be deported as paupers.

1887: Lipman Emanuel "Lip" Pike, reportedly one of the first professional Jewish players played his last game today as a member of the New York Metropolitans. (This 19^th century team should not be confused the modern day NY Mets)

1887: Today, the members of the Progress Club whose founders had included Levi Samuels, Jesse S. Epstein, Henry Goodman and Charles Eisig “sold its building for $105,000 and spent double that amount--$235,000 to be exact—on the 100-square foot corner lot on Fifth Avenue at 63rd Street.

1888: Yellow Fever” seeped into Jacksonville, today at the same that Jacob Cohen was making his mark in the dry goods business in Florida’s “northern metropolis.”

1890: In Mayfair, London, Albert and Augusta Lessing gave birth to barrister, WW I and WW II veteran and Liberal party politician Edward Albert Lessing.

1890: “Manning and the Jews” published today described the plans of several prominent English Jews including “Dr. Adler, the acting chief rabbi, Sir Julian Goldsmid, Mr. Frederick D. Mocatta, Sir John Simon Mr. Claude G. Montefiore and others” to present Cardinal Manning “with an illuminated address of congratulations on the occasion of his silver jubilee” on “behalf of the Jews of Great Britain.”  The gift shows the high esteem in which the Cardinal is held by the Jewish community who greatly appreciated his efforts on behalf of the Jews of Russia.

1891: The Russian Jews who came to Boston on board the SS Kansas have been detained because of the requirements of the new immigration laws.

1891(22^nd of Tammuz, 5651): Six-month-old Milton Zeisler, the Chicago born son of Irma and Rabbi Joseph Zeisler passed away today.

1889: Dr. Cyrus Adler of John Hopkins University will deliver a lecture on “The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser” at Cooper Union in New York.  The lecture is part of the Summer Course sponsored by JTS.

1890: In London, Henry van den Bergh, the Dutch born on of Simon van den Bergh and Elisabeth van der Wielen and his wife of Henriette Charlotte van den Bergh gave birth to Captain Seymour Jacob Henry van den Bergh

1891: The Sanitarium for Hebrew Children is scheduled to sponsor an excursion that will sail up the Hudson River.

1893: “The Philadelphia Jewish Exponent announced that Henrietta Szold would be moving to Philadelphia from her home in Baltimore to serve as the secretary and first paid employee of the Jewish Publication Society (JPS). Szold had been elected as the only female member of the JPS publication committee when the organization was founded in 1888 in order to provide a steady series of substantive works of Jewish culture to an American audience. Despite the initial apathy and opposition that the JPS encountered, Szold committed herself to the society, at one point "personally addressing eleven hundred circulars and membership blanks" although in the end they only yielded 75 responses. She had already served the organization as an author, translator, and editor, but now she would be a paid employee. While Henrietta Szold's most significant impact on Jewish life would come after she founded Hadassah, the Zionist women's organization in 1912, her work at JPS constituted a major contribution to the creation of an American Jewish culture. The Jewish Exponent article about her move to JPS suggests that, even before the formal commencement of this work, Szold was recognized as a woman who had and would continue to play an important role in the American Jewish community. Szold had already established herself as an educator and, through newspaper columns, as an astute observer of Jewish life. According to the Exponent article, "no one better equipped could be found than Miss Szold." Upon being offered the job of secretary in 1893, Szold withdrew from her positions in Baltimore, including her role as superintendent of the Russian night-school of the Hebrew Literary Society. As the school's founder, superintendent, fundraiser and one of its teachers, she had, according to the article, surrounded herself with teachers "whom she has made thoroughly conversant with her masterful manner of teaching English to Russo-Jewish immigrants and in the sympathetic manner of engaging their undivided attention so as to develop in them an appreciation of American ideals." Szold's work for JPS was monumental. Although she worked under the title and salary of secretary, she served as translator, indexer, fact checker, proofreader, statistician, administrator, and editor, overseeing the publication of 87 books during her tenure. Szold's clear mind, exhaustive dedication, and meticulous attention to detail enabled the Society to offer a remarkable literary and scholarly array. Many of the translations and original works published by JPS during this time still inform contemporary American Jewish culture and scholarship. A new Bible translation and the series of American Jewish Year Books that commenced publication in 1900 began to define the contours of a distinctive American Jewish intellectual world. After twenty-two years, Szold withdrew from JPS work in 1916 when a group of Zionists offered to provide her with an annuity in order to support her growing work for Hadassah.”

https://jwa.org/thisweek/jul/28/1893/jewish-publication-society

1893: Birthdate of Telechany, Poland native Bessie (Basha) Riff, the wife of Rabbi Natofly Riff, the “spiritual leader of Congregation of Sons of Israel” which was “popularly known in Camden, New Jersey’s Jewish Community as the ‘8^th Street Schul’’ who came to America in 1923, was naturalized in 1924 and was the mother of their daughter Roselyn.

1893: “Driven From Home By Fire” published today described the aftermath of the tenement on Clinton Street which included Morris Lewenthal’s loss of his butter and provision store which cost the Russian Jewish immigrant $500 in losses that were not insured.

1895: Louis Parnes and Clara Asia Parnes gave birth to Samuel Randolph Parness, the husband of Rose Meyerson Parnes with whom he had five children.

1895: “Jordan Ceased To Flow” published today includes a summary of an article by Lt. Col C.M. Watson of the Royal Engineers that had appeared in the last quarterly of the Palestine Exploration of London which described “a stoppage in the flow of the River Jordan” that had occurred in the 14^th century which bore “a likeness to the miraculous” stoppage “of the river at the time of the…Israelites.”

1895: Founding of the Young Men’s Hebrew Association in Springfield, MA whose members included Henry Lakser, L.J. Steinberg and Paul Kramer.

1896: Twenty year old George H. Webb is scheduled to appear in court today to face charges of abduction after having failed to agree to divorce Dora Webb, a sixteen year old Jewess whom he secretly married but never lived with.

1896: Birthdate of Akron, OH and Harvard trained attorney Lee Ferbstein, the husband of Helen Turner Crecilius and the father of “Anne and Froncie Ferbstein.

1896: The City of Miami is incorporated. According to one source Samuel Singer was reportedly the first Jew to move to Miami, arriving there in 1895. Others report that Isidor Cohen who signed the city’s charter in 1896 deserves the honor. There were enough Jews in the city when it was founded to hold regular religious services.  But the population dwindled in the first decade of the 20^th century.  The anti-Semitic practices of early developers hampered the growth of what today is one of the largest Jewish communities in the United States.

1896: Birthdate of Florence Bierman, the New York City native and graduate of Barnard College who as Florence Perlman, the wife of Justice Nathan D. Perlman was a member of the New York State Commission for Human Rights,  chairman of The Jewish National fund and national secretary, vice president and treasurer of the National Board of Hadassah

http://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/25/archives/florence-perlman-leader-in-hadassah-florence-bierman-perlman-a.html

1897: Two days after she had passed away, fifty-five year old Jane Cohen, the wife of Goodman Cohen, was buried at the Plashet Jewish Cemetery in London.

1897: Birthdate of Russian native and St. Lawrence University trained attorney Sidney Gondelman, “the president and chairman of the Central Foundry Company” and the husband of “the former Rae Schonfeld,” with whom he had two sons, Herbert and George.

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/03/archives/sidney-gondelman.html?searchResultPosition=1

1898(9^th of Av, 5658): Tisha B’Av

1898: Meyer Bendit, the Bavarian born son of Jeannette and Lippmann Bendit, and his wife “Amalie (Emily) Bendit gave birth to Kurt Martin Bendit

1899: John Ireland, the Roman Catholic archbishop of St. Paul, MN told friends in New York that while in France he did not see as much “turmoil over the Dreyfus” as reported in the press and “that the decision of the court-martial, whatever it may be, will be accepted as final since the matter is no longer seen as involving the honor of the army.”

1899: Messrs. Heinemann announces the publication of two books of interest because of the Dreyfus case. One is by Lionel Decle, an Anglicized Frenchman. The other is The Modern Jew, by Arnold White.

1900(2^nd of Av, 5660): Parashat Matot-Masei; as the Jews are completing the book of Numbers, King Umberto was murdered by an anarchist in what was part of a wave of assassinations that were part of the pre-World War I lanscape

1901: The fifth annual session of the summer assembly of the Jewish Chautauqua Society came to an end.

1901: After more than a month of effort, Arnold Schönberg completes his work “on the opera-fragment "Die Schildbürger" (dramatic setting of Gustav Schwab's short story of the same name).”

1902(23rd of Tammuz, 5662): Rabbi Jacob Joseph passed away. Born in Krozhe, a province of Kovno, in 1840, he studied in the Volozhin yeshiva under the Netziv, where he was known as "Rav Yaakov Charif" because of his sharp mind. He was one of the foremost students of Rabbi Yisrael Salanter. He became successively rabbi of Vilon in 1868, Yurburg in 1870, Zhagory and then Kovno. His fame as a preacher spread, so that in 1883 the community of Vilna selected him as its maggid. He came to the United States in 1888 where he served as chief rabbi of New York City's Association of American Orthodox Hebrew Congregations, a federation of Eastern European Jewish synagogues. The Rabbi Jacob Joseph School is named after him, and a playground is named after and honors the memory of a great-grandson of Rabbi Jacob Joseph who carried his name.

1902: In Vienna, Simon Siegmund Carl Popper, “a lawyer from Bohemia” and Jenny Schiff gave birth to philosopher Karl Popper whose grandparents were all Jewish but who was raised as a Lutheran because his family had converted before he was born.

http://www.tkpw.net/

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/.

1903: The High Commissioner delivered an address at the opening meeting of the Jewish Board of Deputies for the Transvaal and Natal.

1904: In Camden, NJ, Birthdate of Emory trained attorned and Miami business executive Max Orovitz, an officers in the General Jewish Federation and a member of the board of the University of Miami.

1904: Vyacheslav von Plehve, the director the Czar’s Secret Police and Interior Minister was killed by a bomb thrown by a revolutionary.  Plehve was the Interior Minister during the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903.  He reportedly gave orders for government forces not to interfere with the rioters during the three days of carnage.

1905: The New York Times reported that Max Nordau gave an “eloquent eulogy” in memory of Dr. Theodor Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement at the opening session of the Seventh Annual Zionist Congress. Herzl passed away in 1904.

1905: In the UK, the Evening Standard published “Friday Night at Bevis Marks Synagogue” by Samuel Lewis Bensusan who served as editor Jewish World in 1897 and 1898.

1906: Birthdate of the Laborite Lord Mayor of Newcastle Benjamin Ernest (Bennie) Abrahams, the native of Burton-on-Trent and husband of Marion Shapiro whom he married in 1939 with whom they had one son David Abrahams

1907: In Brooklyn, Louis and Lena Yablok gave birth to Julius “Izzy” Yablock, the quarterback for Colgate University from 1926 to 1929 and quarterback for the NFL Brooklyn Dodgers who coached football for St. Francis College, was a law partner of the famous Mickey Marcus and the husband of Miriam Yablock.

1908: It was reported today that George M. Cohan will be one of those appearing at the upcoming annual benefit of the Hebrew Infants Asylum of New York City.

1909: The cornerstone for Gymnasia Herzliya’s new building on Herzl Street in the Ahuzat Bayit neighborhood of Tel Ave took place. Founded at Jaffa in 1905, it was the first Hebrew high school in what would become the state of Israel.

1909: British Ambassador Sir Gerald Lowther visited the Hahambashi (Chief Rabbi) in Constantinople.

1909: Birthdate of Harry "Pittsburgh Phil" Strauss, a contract killer for Murder, Inc.

1910: In Zurich, Albert Einstein and his first wife Mileva Maric gave birth to their second Eduard Einstein.

1911: In London, Sir Matthew Nathan was appointed Chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue.

1911: The King of Spain, who exercises sovereignty in Mellila, Morocco, replies favorably to the petition of these Moroccan Jews for equal rights since they pay taxes and serve in the army. The liberal press commends the Spanish Monarch's attitude and hopes for annulment of discriminatory laws still in force against the Jews.

1911: In Holyoke, MA, “Joseph and Minnie Davis) Goldenberg gave birth to Julliard graduate Morris Goldenberg, the percussionist, composer and for almost thirty years a faculty member of his alma mater who raised two children – William and Lucille – with his wife, the former Isabella Leon.

https://www.pas.org/about/hall-of-fame/morris-goldenberg

1912: Today, Morris D. Waldman, the manager of the United Hebrew Charities said that he had investigated an organization called the Federation of Citizens Peddlers and found that its claim to be holding a mass meeting was really part of the attempts by the those who rent pushcarts and who make money by renting pushcart peddlers advantageous position to prevent the establishment of pushcart markets at the Williamsburg and Manhattan bridges.

1913: In what turn out to be the worst single act of anti-Semitism in the United States, Leo Frank went on trial for the murder of Mary Phagan. 

1913(23^rd of Tammuz, 5673): “Herman Hinckowitz, ex-grand master of the Independent Order of B’rith Abraham who was born in Hungary 55 years ago” and came to the United States 30 years ago passed away today in Chicago.

1913: A “free dispensary” is scheduled to open today at the Maimonides Hospital on South California Avenue.

1914: According to an appraisal filed today by the State Tax Assessor, the estate of the late Dr. Morris Loeb has a gross value of $2,474,585.  The largest beneficiary of the estate was his widow, Mrs. Eda K. Loeb and Harvard College.  He left several bequests to numerous Jewish and non-Jewish charities the Hebrew Technical Institute and the Solomon and Betty Loeb Memorial Home for Convalescents.  "Mrs. Loeb, Felix M. Warburg, Paul Warburg and Julius Goldman are the executors of the estate."

1914: In St. Petersburg, the Twelfth International Ophthalmological Congress which Jewish physicians were promised they could attend without any of the usual restrictions on the “length of sojourn” was scheduled to open today.

1914:  The Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia thus starting World War I. The war will prove devastating for the Jews of Eastern Europe.  Even worse, it will sow the seeds for the Second World War.  There is a straight line between the decisions reached in the heat of the summer of 1914 and the ashes of Auschwitz.

1914: On the day Austria declared war on Serbia, German economist Moritz Julius Born and his wife found themselves on board the passenger ship George Washington which was taking them to the United States where he was scheduled to serve visiting professorships at the University of California, the University of Wisconsin and Cornell University.

1915: Following the aborted attempt on his life, nothing Leo Frank continued to heal from his wounds.

1916: Birthdate of Gerhart Friedlander, “a veteran of the Manhattan Project…and a pioneer of nuclear chemistry who later exploited the first particle accelerators to do major research as head of the chemistry department at Brookhaven National Laboratory.”

1917(9^th of Av, 5677): Shabbat Chazon, Parashat Devarim, Erev Tish’a B’Av

1917(9^th of Av, 5677): Eighty-four year old Daniel Tallerman, the native of London who arrived in Australia in 1853 and entered into several enterprises before establishing a business that dealt with the shipping of plain and kosher potted meat” passed away today in London.

http://peopleaustralia.anu.edu.au/biography/tallerman-daniel-21111

1917: Birthdate of Irving Copilovich, the native of Duluth, MN who gained as philosopher and logician Irving Copi who among other things examined the possibility that the writings of Lewis Carroll were anti-Semitic.

http://forward.com/culture/217470/alice-in-anti-semitic-land/

1917: It was reported today that “The War Office has announced the formation of a special Jewish” infantry regiment whose “regimental badge will be a copy of King David’s shield” and to which “Jewish soldiers with knowledge of the Yiddish or Russian languages already serving with British regiments will be transferred.”

1917: The Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society sent a list to the New York Times of the “thousands of Jews in Russia and Poland seeking relatives in the United States” who have not been able to make a connection yet along with instructions of how those being sought can “get in touch with” their suffering co-religionists.

1918(19^th of Av, 5678): Twenty year old Corporal Harry Weiner who had lived at “185 Rivingston Street, NYC” and who was serving with “Company M, 26^th Infantry, U.S. Army” a part of the American Expeditionary Force died at a “Base Hospital in France” after having been wounded in action.

1918: Gavrilo Princip, “the assassin who started WW I” by killing the Archduke Ferdinand died of tuberculosis in Theresienstadt, the same Theresienstadt that would become the show ghetto during World War II.

1919: The 21^st Annual Convention of the Progressive Order of the West whose members included Samuel Handelman of Chicago, and Louis Levy of Kansas City continued to meet for a second day in Chicago,

1919: Jacob Schiff was the toastmaster at a dinner tonight at the Waldorf Astoria for “Louis Marshall, the Chairman of the American-Jewish Conference” which had sent him to the Peace Conference which was given in his honor by the Jews of New York City.

1919: Despite “the sweltering weather,” “more than 4,000 men, women and children” gathered at Carnegie Hall” to hear the report of Louis Marshall and his fellow delegates to the Paris Peace Conference describe their work during this major world events

1920: “The French Foreign office announced today that Emir Feisal is no longer King of Syria now that General Gouraud has captured Damascus and that he is “a private citizen who has been invited to the country with all of his family” an offer some he has already accepted by fleeing to Jerusalem which is under British control.

1921: “The Zionist Organization of America is in receipt of a cable from Professor Albert Einstein in he emphatically disclaims the interview he is alleged to have given a Dutch journalist in which he criticized unfavorably some of the institutions he observed in” the United States saying, “I am not disappointed with America” and “in general I may say that my entire impression of America was most favorable.”

1922: Birthdate of William Coblentz, one of California’s most influential lawyers who battled Govenor Ronald Reagan, represented hostage/fugitive Patti Hearst and was “a donor both to the S.F.-based Jewish Community Federation and the Jewish Community Endowment Fund.”

http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/59260/attorney-and-civic-leader-william-coblentz-dies-at-88/

 1922: On being released from prison after serving a four week long sentence, Hitler declares, “The Jewish people stands against us as our deadly foe and will so stand against us always, and for all time.”

1922: The Archbishop of Canterbury, Randall Davidson, writes Churchill expresses his (and other un-named supporters) opposition to Zionist activity in Palestine.

1923(15^th of Av, 5683): Shabbat Nachamu and Tu B’Av

1923: In Moscow, Victoria and Isaac Raeff gave birth to Marc Raeff who became one of America’s “scholars of Russian history.”  (As reported by Bruce Weber)

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/education/29raeff.html

1923: Opera life began in pre-statehood Israel today with the performance of Verdi’s “La Traviata. The performance brought to life the vision of Mordechai Golinkin described in his thesis “The Vision of the Hebrew Art Temple of Opera Work in Palestine.”  Since there were opera houses in the new Jewish city, the performance took place in a movie theatre.

1924: “Three hundred and fifty Jews accused of belonging to Zionist organizations were arrested by the Soviet authorities in several towns of the Government of Podol.”

1925: “In Brooklyn, New York, the son of Ida (Simonoff) and Meyer Blumberg, a lawyer,” gave birth Baruch “Barry” Samuel Blumberg, “the Nobel Prize-winning biochemist and medical anthropologist who discovered the hepatitis B virus, showed that it could cause liver cancer and then helped develop a powerful vaccine to fight it, saving millions of lives.”

https://web.archive.org/web/20110429013300/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/blumberg-autobio.html

1926: In the town of Bukacrowce, in southeastern Poland, Berta and Joel Mandel gave birth to Solomon Mandel, whose family got meat from schoctin “Joel Nagelberg and his son Shimon Nagelberg” who were murdered during the Holocaust and who were survived by “a grandson Joel Nagelbert.

1927: “Formation of an organization to be known as the Irish Jews of America was announced today by twenty five charter members of the society which held its first meeting at the home of Alexander Freeman where Jack S. Levine was chosen to serve as chairman.”

1928(11^th of Av, 5688): Parashat Vaetchanan

1928: Max Adler, “the former vice president of Sears, Roebuck and Co. sailed today “on the S.S. Homeric for Europe” where he plans on making “a study in connection with his plan to construct a planetarium” in Chicago for which he has donated a half million dollars.

1929: Exercises are scheduled to be held at the Gabels Public Theatre marking the anniversary of the death of Theodore Herzl where the speakers will include Jonah Goldstein and Chaim Greenberg.

1929: Charles M. Bender is the delegate from Texas attending the 16^th World Zionist Congress in Zurich.

1930: Birthdate of singer Firoza Begum

1931: Birthdate of Françoise-Antoinette "Béatrice" Pancrazzi the second wife French musical artist Serge Gainsbourg.

1931(14^th of Av, 5691): German Jewish physicist Emil Gabriel Warburg, a member of the famous Warburg family, passed away today.

1931: The 27th annual convention of the Progressive Order of the West  is scheduled to come to an end today at the Jefferson Hotel in St. Louis, MO.

1932: In Hartford, CT, “the former Lee Green” and Samuel Neusner, the publisher “of The Jewish Ledger, a weekly newspaper” gave birth to Jewish scholar Jacob Neusner. (As reported by William Grimes)

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/11/us/jacob-neusner-judaic-scholar-who-forged-interfaith-bonds-dies-at-84.html?_r=0

1933(5^th of Av, 5693): Sixty-five year old Polish born painter Leopold Pilichowski who moved to the United Kingdom in 1914 where he lived until he passed away today.

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_15770.html

http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Pilichowski_Leopold

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Pilichowski#/media/File:Leopold_Pilichowski_Sukkot.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Pilichowski#/media/File:Leopold_Pilichowski.jpg

1934(16^th of Av, 5694): Shabbat Nachamu

1934: After 351 performances at the Broadhurst Theatre, the curtain came down on the original Broadway production of “Men In White” the Pulitzer Prize winning drama directed by Lee Strasberg with a cast that included Luther Adler, Morris Carnovsky, J. Edward Bromger, Sanford Meisner and Clifford Odets.

1935: “William Green, President of the American Federation of Labor, called on the government tonight to take "appropriate action" against the Hitler regime in Germany to stop "brutal, inhuman treatment" of the laboring class, Jews and Catholics.”

1936(9th of Av, 5696): Tisha B’Av

1936(9^th of Av, 5696): Forty-two-year-old “Phillip Klotz” the native of Austria husband of Hanna Kraus Klotz and AEF veteran who was the “senior partner in the wholesale ribbon firm of Klotz Brothers” “died suddenly today at Belmar, NJ.

1936: The New Masses publishes “The Travels of Lester Cohen,” Robert Gessner’s review of Two Worlds by Lester Cohen.

1936: Based on stories first carried in Der Fuehre of Kehl, it was reported today that “the woman manager of the German Labor Front’s Barcelona office was attacked by ‘Jews and German emigres’ who threatened to shoot her if she did not reveal the names and address of National Socialist district leaders” after which this “mob poured petroleum over her, dragged her into the street and threatened to burn her alive.”  (Editor’s note – this incident took place during the Spanish Civil War when the Germans sent troops including air forces to fight on the side of Franco.)

1936: It was reported today that this September, Henry Holt will publish Spring Up Oh Well by Dorothy Ruth Kahn. The book describes the growth of the Jewish community in Palestine, including the development of Tel Aviv and surrounding “hamlets.”

1937: Kfar Menahem, a moshav that had been abandoned in 1936 during the Arab Revolt “was re-established as part of the tower and stockade program.

1937: “Zelig Tygel, the executive director of the Federation of Polish Jews of America sailed for Europe” today aboard the Queen Mary bound ultimately for Antwerp where he “help make arrangements for the second world conference of the World Federation of Polish Jews Abroad” which will be held there in August.

1937: In Neuilly-sur- Seine Pierre-Gilles Veber, who was Jewish and his wife who was Armenian gave birth to Paul Veber.  He escaped the fate of his grand-uncle Tristan Barnard who was sent to Drancy since he was baptized.

1938: “In connection with the establishment of the new federation of Germans, it was pointed out here today that there were still 300,000 Jews in German, including those in annexed Austria.”

1938: “Any doubt of the real meaning of Field Marshal Hermann Goering’s decree compelling Jews to register their property with the government was dispelled when the Berlin Police President issued detailed instructions regarding the legal formalities for the ‘Aryanization’ of Jewish business enterprises.”                                                      

1939: On the Mediterranean Sea north of Tel Aviv, “authorities detained 373 Jews today as unauthorized immigrants after the British destroyer Imperial halted the Colorado, a vessel flying” the Panamanian flag.

1940: Hitler called for an intensification of anti-Jewish actions in Slovakia.

1940(22ndof Tammuz, 5700): Fifty-seven year old Riga born and NYU trained attorney Dr. Joseph Kahn, the holder of Ph.D. who lectured at NYU at City College and was a senior partner of Kahn and Zorn wjhile serving as a director of the Hebrew National Orphan Home Asylum in Yonkers, NY passed away today.

1940: Hugo Gutman and his family arrived in Vichy after escaping from Brussels and received the emigration permit today that would let them enter Portugal.

1941: David Rose marries Judy Garland.  It is the second of Rose’s three trips to the altar.  The third visit will be the one that lasts.

1941: In Scranton, PA, Rabbi Melech Schachter and his wife gave birth to Rabbi Herschel Schachter who followed in his father’s footsteps to serve as a rosh yeshiva at Yeshiva University.

1941: In Lithuania, the Nazis killed the Jews living in Aniksht and Vilkovishk.

1941: As German troops over run Russian territory, the killings of Jews increased in frequency and numbers.

1941: Local police and militiamen, acting with the acquiescence of SS troops at the prison at Drogobych, Ukraine, use guns, clubs, and fists to slaughter hundreds of Jews. The streets are choked with badly injured fleeing Jews and mangled corpses.

1941(4^th of Av, 5701): Seventy-six year old photographer Jacob H. Perskie, the Minsk born resident of Baltimore who created the last official visual images of Franklin Roosevelt and who was the husband of Lena Abramowitz with whom he had 13 children including his “eldest son Leon Perskie” who followed in his father’s photographic footsteps passed away today.

http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/volozhin/vol_pages/stories_photographers.html

http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2009-01-25/news/0901240051_1_secret-service-man-roosevelt-home-glass-plate-negatives

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/07/29/87649212.pdf

1941(4th of Av, 5701): German occupation troops in and around Belgrade, Yugoslavia, execute 122 Communists and Jews for resistance.

1941(4^th of Av, 5701): Sixty-seven year old Ben Zion Halberstram the Second Bobover Rebbe was murdered today along with 20,000 other Jews including his son and three sons-in-law who were shot.

1941(4th of Av, 5701): Forty mental patients from Lódz, Poland, are taken from a hospital and executed in a nearby forest.

1942(14th of Av, 5702): The Nazis killed 10,000 Jews in Minsk.

1942: Jacques Gunzig the son of Rabbi Asreil Gunzig and the former Amalia Schreiber who had been born at Lostice in 1904 was murdered today at Mauthausen.

1942: SS chief Heinrich Himmler writes to a senior SS official that the Occupied Eastern Territories "are to become free of Jews."

1942(14th of Av, 5702): Jewish parents in Tarnów, Poland, are forced to watch as their children are shot by Gestapo agents. The parents and other adults are subsequently deported to the camp at Belzec for extermination.

1942: In the Lódz (Poland) Ghetto, two male Jews, one just 16 years old, are hanged after escaping a work gang.

1942: Young members of the Warsaw Ghetto establish Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ZOB; Jewish Fighting Organization). At this time, the only weapon in the ghetto is a single pistol.

1942: Over the next three days 30,000 Jews are killed in Minsk, Belorussia.

1942: Karla “Raveh and her family — her parents, siblings, and two grandmothers — were deported to Theresienstadt in Czechoslovakia.”

1942: As Operation Reinhard entered its sixth day, a Jewish resistance group was set up. Their arsenal consisted of two pistols. Operation Reinhard was the name given to the German plan to wipe out the Jewish population of occupied Poland.

1942(14th of Av, 5702): In Tarnow, Poland, the Jewish children were taken to the edge of town and shot. The rest of the town's Jews were taken to Belzec.

1942: Eighty-nine year old Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie passed away. The famed archaeologist made his first of many trips to Palestine in 1890 when led a dig at Tell el-Hesi.  His most famous discovery came in 1896 when he identified the ‘Israel’ or Merneptah stele.

http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/s/sir_william_matthew_flinders_p.aspx

1943:  Using the information they found on the dead bodies of the members of the Leon Group, the Nazis entered the ghetto at Vilna and arrested 32 friends and family members of the murdered partisans.  The 32 were taken to the killing grounds of Ponar where they were executed.  The Germans published an announcement warning the family and friends of anybody else who planned to escape the ghetto that a one-way ticket to Ponar would be their reward as well.

1943: Jan Karski, the Polish officer who risked his life to bring first reports of the conditions facing the Jews of Europe, including the mass murders and concentration camps met with President Roosevelt for an hour in the Oval Office.  British Foreign Minister had not shown any interest in his report and Prime Minister Churchill was “too busy” to see him.  Before meeting with Roosevelt, Karski had met with Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter who said, “I am unable to believe you.´ Karski began by describing the activities of the Polish underground. The president listened with fascination, asked questions and offered unsolicited advice, some of it a bit eccentric -- such as his idea of putting skis on small airplanes to fly underground messengers between England and Poland during the winter. But when Karski related details of the mass killings of the Jews, Roosevelt had nothing to say. The president was, as Karski politely put it, "rather noncommittal." (Editor’s note – The British were too busy, FDR was not.  As to being “noncommittal” the reality was that the war was not going well and that is a gross understatement.  At this point the Allies had just landed in Sicily, were still trying to win the Battle of the Atlantic and had only scratched the surface of the Island Hopping Campaign against Japan

1943: During World War II the British bomb Hamburg causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians. In a twist of irony, the mission is named Operation Gomorrah.  (There is no record of an air mission called Operation Sodom.)

1943: In Chicago, Harold Bloomfield, the founder of Bloomfield Industries, and the former of Dorothy Klein gave birth to guitar playing composer Mike Bloomfield, the older brother of Allen Bloomfield.

http://www.mikebloomfieldamericanmusic.com/nbio3.htm

https://bolesblogs.com/2010/08/30/the-madding-end-of-mad-mike-bloomfield/

1944: In the east the Soviet Army began the Kaunaus Offensive while in the west Operation Cobra, the Allied breakout from the Normandy Beachhead was into its second day which saw the capture of Coutance

1945: Following its premiere performance by the New York Symphony in February, Nathaniel Shilkret’s “Concerto for Trombone” was performed today at the Hollywood Bowl by the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra.

1946: “The new partition scheme for Palestine was attacked today by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, president of the World Zionist Organization, in a message to a mass meeting of Jews” in London.

1947: “Wyoming” a cowboy film with music by Ernest Gold was released in the United States today.

1948” Leon Blum began serving as Vice Premier of France in the government of Prime Minister Andre Marie.

1948: “United Nations peace envoy, Folke Bernadotte, issued a statement which said that there was ‘no evidence to support claims of massacre’” at al-Tira, a village near Haifa, that had been made by Azzam Pasha, the Secretary General of the Arab League. 

1948: Arthur Miller’s award winning play “Death of a Salesman” opened it London.

1949: Today’s proposal by the Ben-Gurion to the UN that would allow 100,000 Arabs to return to Israel touched off a wave of opposition that would later lead to its withdrawal.

1950: At Newark Beth Israel Hospital, Dr.Milton Abramson and the former Ruth Levenson gave birth to Elliot Lewis Abramson, the grandson of Dr. and Mrs. Samuel M. Levenson.

1951: In Brooklyn, Marcella (née Rosenthal) and Irving B. Haass gave birth to American diplomat Richard N. Haass who has been a “close advisor to Secretary of State Colin Powell”has served as the President of the Council Relations.

1952: It was reported today that “the U.S. Government, may within a few days, issue a statement deploring the laws passed earlier this month by the Austrian Parliament restoring property and civil rights to more than 20,000 former members of the Nazi Party in Austria.”

1954: “On the Waterfront” a film that provided a gritty, realistic view waterfront corruption produced by Sam Spiegel, written by Budd Schulberg, filmed by Cinematographer Boris Kaufman, featuring Lee J. Cobb, Martin Balsam and Nehemiah Persoff with music by Leonard Bernstein was released in the United States today by Columbia Pictures.

1955(9^th of Av, 5715): Tish’a B’Av

1955: According to reports made available tonight twelve Americans killed when an El Al plane was shot down over Bulgaria included 35 year old Rabbi Pincus Ingberman, 35 year old Mrs. Zahawa Sheinbuam, the wife of Moshe Sheinbaum and 61 year A.M. Goffman known professionally as Avram M. Mann the advertising man who served “as master of ceremonies for several Yiddish language programs broadcast over radio station WEVD.

1956(20^th of Av, 5716): Parashat Eikev

1956(20th of Av, 5716): Abraham Telvi “a Jewish-American mobster and hitman for New York labor racketeer Johnny Dio, known most notably for blinding crusading New York journalist Victor Riesel with acid” was gunned down today.

1958: Birthdate of New York City native and Professor of the Humanities at College of Staten Island Sarah Schulman whose first novel was The Sophie Horowitz Story,

1959: Premiere of “North by Northwest” the suspense thriller with a script by Ernest Lehman, music by Bernard Hermann and featuring Martin Landau in one of his early roles and Ned Glass as a “ticket seller.”

1959(22^nd of Tammuz, 5719): Fifty-six-year-old David Silverman who had risen from being an office boy at the Minneapolis Star to serving as the assistant editor of the Minneapolis Star and the Minneapolis Tribune while also serving as an officer and member of the National Conference of Christians and Jews suffered a fatal heart attack today.

1960: In South Los Angeles, Judith Gold, “a school librarian” and Irwin Gold, “a probation officer gave birth to food critic Jonathan Gold.

http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-fo-jonathan-gold-obit-20180721-story.html

1961(15^th of Av, 5721): Tu B’Av is celebrated for the first time during the Presidency of John F. Kennedy.

1964: Birthdate of Ian Paul Livingston, Baron Livingston of Parkhead the Scottish businessman who is “The fourth generation son of Polish-Lithuanian Jews who arrived in Scotland 120 years ago.”

1964: Yad Vashem decided to recognize Reverend Hermann Maas as one of the Righteous Among the Nations.

http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/maas.asp

http://www.maasfoundation.com/en/index.html

1967(20^th of Tammuz, 5727): Seventy-one year old Florence Kahn Strauss, the Louisiana born daughter of Sigmund and Rose Bendel Kahn and the wife of Charles Leon Strauss passed away after which she was buried in Houston’s Beth Israel Cemetery.

1968: Funeral services are scheduled to be held this morning in New York for Lillian (Klein) Pollack, the wife of Milton Pollack and mother of Stephanie Singer and Daniel A. Pollack who was an active member of numerous Jewish organizations including the Brooklyn Women’s Division of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies, the Jewish Child Care Association and the Jewish Hospital and Medical Center of Brooklyn.

1968: Four days after he had passed away eighty year old Aleppo born Isaac I Shalom, who went from being a textile peddler on the Lower East Side to founding and running “the handkerchief firm of I. Shalom and Co., which developed into one of the leading manufacturers in its field in the United States” which provided him with the wherewithal to become a leading benefactor for “the Sephardi and Syrian Jewish communities in New York” and who raised five children with his wife, the former Alice Chabot, was buried on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.

1968(3^rd of Av, 5728): Ninety-three year old Hedwig Gutman, the daughter of Baruch and Fanny Rothschild and wife of Bernhard Guttman with whom she had had five children, passed away today in Copenhagen.

1969: Operation Boxer came to an end with a dogfight between IAF Mirages and Egyptian MIG-21s during which neither side was able to score a victory.

1969: Opening of the Eighth Maccabiah where Mark Cohn of Philadelphia, Laurie Segel of Miami and Fred Turoff of Philadelphia were part of the U.S. Gymnastic Team.

1970: During the War of Attrition Soviet military personnel were reportedly among the casualties during an attack by Israeli aircraft.

1970(24^th of Tammuz, 5730): Seventy-eight year old economist Dr. Melchior Palyi passed away today.

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=9B0DEFDB1E3AE03BBC4950DFB166838B669EDE

https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.PALYI

1971: Marvin Israel discovered the body of photographer Diane Arbus two days after she had taken her own life.

1973(28^th of Tammuz, 5733): Parashat Matot-Masei

1974(9^th of Av, 5734): Tish’a B’Av

1976(1^st of Av, 5736): Rosh Chodesh Av

1976(1^st of Av, 5736): Seventy-seven year old Berlin born actress Lucie Mannheim who broadcast anti-German propaganda during WW II passed away today in Lower Saxony. (Some sources show her death date as July 19)

http://www.leninimports.com/lucie_mannheim.html

1978(23^rd of Tammuz, 5738): Seventy-seven year old “Benjamin Bass, the founder of Manhattan’s Strand Book Store and husband of Esther Bass with whom he raised two daughter – Dorothy and Eleanor – and one son, Fred who now runs the store passed away today.

https://www.nytimes.com/1978/08/02/archives/benjamin-bass-77-was-founder-of-the-strand-usedbook-store-quest-for.html

1978: In Queens, funeral services were held this morning in Queens for Sylvia (nee Diskin) Marshall, who had been pre-deceased by her husband Milton and the mother of Bonnie and Alex Moskowitz,

1979(4^th of Av, 5739): Shabbat Chazon

1979(4^th of Av, 5739): Sixty-six year Sumner Marcus, the New Brunswick, NJ born son of “Abraham and Lena (Wolfson) Marcus, a WW II U.S. Army veteran, the holder of JD from Harvard and a Ph.D from the University of Washington where he served as a dean and lived with his wife, the former Elizabeth Tribby Caldwell,  passed away today.

1979(4^th of Av, 5739): Seventy year old film producer and screenwriter Wolfgang Reinhardt who “was nominated for an Academy Award for Original Screenplay in 1962 for the film Freud” passed away today.

1980(15th of Av, 5740): Tu B’Av

1982(8th of Av, 5742): Erev Tish'a B'Av

1984: The 1984 Summer Olympics opened in Los Angeles where Bernard Rajzman earned a Silver Medal as a player with the Brazilian Volleyball Team.

1985(10^th of Av, 5745): Tish’a B’Av observed on Sunday

1985(10^th of Av, 5745): Seventy-nine-year old Dashev, Russia born American labor leader Israel Broslow who was an active member of the ILGWU and the Workmen’s Circle passed away today.

1987: Cellist Mischa Maisk and his wife gave birth to Parisian native and classical pianist Lily Maisky who is the sister of concert violinist Sascha Maisky.

1988: Jordan canceled a $1.3 billion development plan in the West Bank.

1988: Israeli diplomats arrived in Moscow for their first visit in 21 years.

1988: Jack Lang completed his first term in office as Member of the French National Assembly for Loir-et-Cher.

1989(25^th of Tammuz, 5749): Eighty-eighty-year-old Dr. Jay N. Fishbein, the son of Louis and Sarah Miller Fishbein and Tufts University trained physician who specialized in ENT, passed away today after which he was buried at the Lincoln Park Cemetery in Warwick, R.I>

1989: Units of the IDF crossed into Lebanon and seized Sheik Abd al-Karim Obeid a Hizballah cleric and military commander of Islamic Jihad. This took place during what is now called the First Intifada. 

1993: Catcher Brad Ausmus made his major league debut with the San Diego Padres.

1993: “Robin Hood: Men in Tights” a musical comedy parody of the Robin Hood myth directed and produced by Mel Brooks who wrote the script along with J. David Shapiro and co-starring Richard Lewis as “Prince John” was released today in the United States.

1995(1st of Av, 5755): Rosh Chodesh Av

1995(1st of Av, 5755): Ninety-three year old Harry Zimmerman, the physician who helped found Albert Einstein College of Medicine and made major contributions in dealing with diseases of the nervous system, passed away today. (As reported by Robert Thomas, Jr.

 http://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/31/obituaries/dr-harry-zimmerman-93-dies-founded-albert-einstein-college.htm

1996: The newly opened William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum is the site of a reception for the Israeli Olympic team and a commemoration of the 1972 massacre at the Games in Munich when terrorists killed 11 of the country's athletes and officials.

1998: Monica Lewinsky receives transactional immunity so that she can testify against President Clinton.

1999: “Deep Blue Sea,” a sci-fi film co-produced by Akiva Goldsman, co-starring Michael Rapaport and with music by Trevor Rabin was released in the United States today.

2000(25th of Tammuz, 5760): Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist and science historian passed away.  Pais was the son of a father from the old Dutch Sephardic community while his mother was Ashkenazik.  His trials and tribulation during World War II are the kind of harrowing tale that would make a great adventure novel.  Yet they were true.  His academic achievements were equally amazing.

2001(8^th of Av, 5761): For the first time during the Presidency of George Bush, Parasaht Davarim; Shabbat Chazon; Erev Tish’s B’Av

2002: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including American Sonnets by Jewish poet Gerald Stern and Man Walks Into A Room, the first novel by Jewish poet Nicole Krauss

2002: David Levy and his breakaway Gesher faction left the government due to their opposition to the budget.

2003: “Monitoring Calls in New World of Quality Assurance” described the role that software is playing in fulfilling Shlomo Shamir’s vision of changing call centers from being “cost centers” to being “strategic centers.” Shamir is the President of the American arm of Nice, an Israeli company that is the leader in this software field. (As reported by Claudia H. Deutsch) 

2004(10^th of Av, 5764): Eighty-six-year-old Lillian Napsky Ableman, the wife of Max Ableman who was buried at Westlawn Cemetery in Cook County, Illinois.

2004: “Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, in an unusual meeting today with a small group of Egyptian civic group leaders and other activists, was told that American backing for political reform in the region would only truly gain momentum if Washington pushed for a fair settlement to the Israeli-Arab dispute.”(As reported by Neil MacFarquhar)

2005: As reported in the Oakland (CA) Tribune, Pacifica resident Lillian Greenwald is praised for having volunteered at the Jewish Home for nearly 25 years. Although this is a significant achievement by itself, it is the quality of her service that is exceptional. Lillian Greenwald is an exemplary role model for any volunteer program, and the Jewish Home is fortunate to have her.”

2006:  Five Katyushas struck Peki'in and one directly hit a home next the yard where a family was preparing for an afternoon wedding. Ten people were lightly wounded and treated for shock. Peki'in is an agricultural settlement in the Upper Galilee.

2007 In Jerusalem, a classical music concert entitled "Music in All the Shades" took place at the Sisters of Zion convent presented "Songs, Trombone, and Piano," featuring Galina Chipper Blat, mezzo-soprano, Natalia Jadanov on piano, and Olga Melchovski and Yuri Prokofchok on the oboe.

2007(13th of Av, 5767: Shabbat Nachamu  

2007: In Calgary Sharon Fichman was the runner-up in today’s professional tennis match.

2008: In Washington, D.C., veteran Jewish photography editor Leora Kahn discusses and signs Darfur: Twenty Years of War and Genocide in Sudan

2008: In Washington, D.C., Michaele Weissman discusses and signs her new book, God in a Cup: The Obsessive Quest for the Perfect Coffee

2009: Father Patrick Desbois, secretary to the French Conference of Bishops for relations with Judaism as well as an adviser to the Vatican on the Jewish religion, discusses The Holocaust by Bullets: A Priest's Journey to Uncover the Truth Behind the Murder of 1.5 Million Jews, an investigation of German atrocities in the Ukraine in World War II, at the Sixth and I Historic Synagogue in Washington, D.C.

2009: Police dismantled the West Bank outpost of Mitzpe Avihai near the town of Hebron.

 2010: Hadassah 95^th annual convention is scheduled to come to a close today.

2010: "Surviving Hitler: A Love Story,” is scheduled to be shown today at The San Francisco Jewish Film Festival.

2010: Ninety-year old Samuel Kunz, a former Nazi death camp guard has been charged with participating in the murder of 430,000 Jews and other crimes during the Third Reich, German prosecutors said today.

2010: The New York Times featured a review of 97 Orchard: An Edible History of Five Immigrant Families in One New York Tenement by Jane Ziegelman

2010: Terra Olivio, the first Mediterranean international olive oil competition and conference, which attracted over 120 people from Israel and abroad was held today at Jerusalem’s Inbal Hotel.

2011: “LIVE FROM JERUSALEM: An Evening with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra,” conducted by Zubin Mehta With Renee Fleming and Joseph Calleja is scheduled to be shown at more than 480 select movie theaters nationwide this evening.

2011: The 92^nd St Y is scheduled to present “Always: Irving Berlin,” an evening filled with the music of one of America’s great composers and lyricists.

2011: The Foreign Ministry announced today that Israel has established full diplomatic relations with the government of the newly UN-recognized South Sudan.

2011: Histadrut Labor Federation Chairman Ofer Eini told Army Radio today that he does not intend on "bringing down the government" by joining the housing protests but stressed that it must take action to lower housing prices and cost of living.

2011(26th of Tammuz, 5771): Sixty-two year old Elazar Abuhatzeira, “Orthodox Sefardi rabbi and kabbalist, known among his followers as the "Baba Elazar” was stabbed to death today “in his Beersheba yeshiva” by “42-year-old Asher Dahan of El'ad, who was said to have been unhappy with marital advice the rabbi had given him.”

http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4101783,00.html

2012(8^th of Av, 5772): Ninety-three year old pioneer in children’s theatre Judith Martin passed away. (As reported by Douglas Martin)

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/01/theater/judith-martin-a-founder-of-paper-bag-players-dies-at-93.html?_r=1&hpw&pagewanted=print

2012: The California premiere of “Six Million and One” is scheduled to take place at the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival.

2012: After a 12-week season the curtain comes down on the West End production of Neil Simon’s “The Sunshine Boys.”

2012: Thousands of people attended a Tisha B’Av prayer service at the Western Wall in Jerusalem tonight

2012: Four rockets fired from the Gaza Strip hit southern Israel today landing in unpopulated areas and causing no direct damage. Two of the rockets landed in an open field near Sderot and two more in an open field in the Eshkol region.

2012: Rabbi Yossi Nemes service of The Gerson Katz Chabad Center in Metairie, LA is scheduled to officiate at tonight’s memorial service in honor of the athletes murdered in Munich including wrestler David Berger a graduate of Tulane University who made Aliyah shortly before the Olympics

2013: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including This Town: Two Parties and a Funeral — Plus Plenty of Valet Parking! — in America’s Gilded Capital by Mark Leibovich,  The Love-Charm of Bombs Restless Lives in the Second World War by Lara Feigel, Fools by Joan Silber and Rendezvous With Destiny: How Franklin D. Roosevelt and Five Extraordinary Men Took America Into the War and Into the World by Michael Fullilove

2013: The Washington, DC is scheduled to sponsor an outing to the ballpark featuring the Nats against the Mets in “Hadassah Plays Ball!”

2013: “Hannah Arendt” is scheduled to shown this evening at the Castro Theatre as part of the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival.

2013: “A brand new festival called Machaol Olam – World Dance” that began in Israel on July 11 is scheduled to come to a close.

2013: 99^th anniversary of the start of World War I, a conflict about which so many know so little while its effects continue to reverberate into our lives in the 21^st century.

2013: The cabinet voted 13 to 7 today to approve talks with the Palestinians and to allow a ministerial committee to release 104 imprisoned Palestinian terrorists over the next 9 months. (As reported by Herb Keinon)

2013: Justice Minister Tzipi Livni and Yitzhak Molcho left for Washington to take part in peace talks under the aegis of U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry.

2013: A robber carrying an automatic pistol stole jewelry and watches belonging to Israeli diamond mogul Lev Leviev worth millions of euros from the luxury Carlton Hotel in Cannes today, police and judicial sources said. 

2014: Today, “President Obama nominated Rabbi David Saperstein to be the first non-Christian to hold the post of United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.”

2014: “Brave Miss World” and “Hunting Elephants” are scheduled to be shown at the Berkshire Jewish Film Festival.

2014: The Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and The Wiener Library host a workshop "The Holocaust in Eastern Europe in the Records of the International Tracing Service Digital Archive," which is scheduled to open today at the USHMM in Washington, DC.

2014: One hundredth anniversary of the start of World War I – “the war to end all wars.”

2014(1^st of Av, 5774): Rosh Chodesh Av

2014: Two days after he had passed away, 84 year old Arthur J. Klein, the 1952 graduate of U. of Indiana where he was a member of ZBT and the husband of Ruth Edelman Klein was laid to rest in the Beth-El Cemetery North.

2014(1^st of Av, 5774): Sixty eight year old Little Rock native Margot Adler passed away today.

http://wvpublic.org/post/margot-adler-npr-journalist-three-decades-dies

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/30/business/margot-adler-68-journalist-and-priestess-dies.html?_r=1

2014: At 12:40 pm today the unofficial ceasefire between Israel and Hamas was broken when Code Red sirens blared in the Hof Ashkelon Regional Council as four rockets were fired from Gaza. (As reported by Itay Blumenthal and Yoav Zitun)

2014: “Charlotte Salomon” an opera based on the life of the German Jewish artists with a libretto by Barbara Honigmann “was first performed” today “at the Slazburg Festival.

2014: The rocket alert siren was sounded in Zikhron Ya'akov, Binyamina, Hadera, Caesarea and other cities in northern Israel at around 7:11pm and two rockets were fired at the Carmel area this evening

2014: Today, “police reported that swastikas were spray-painted on the front pillars of a Northeast Miami-Dade synagogue which has left the local Jewish community on edge…”

2014: “A judge issued a sweeping victory today for Rochelle Sterling, ruling that she had the authority to sell the Los Angeles Clippers to the businessman Steve Ballmer, who has agreed to pay a record $2 billion for the franchise.

2014(1^st of Av, 5774): Twenty-two year old Staff Sgt. Eliav Eliyahu Haim Kahlon from Safed, 23 year old Staff Sgt. Adi Briga from Beit Shikma, 20 year old Corporal Maeidan Maymon Biton from Netivot, 20 year old Corporal Niran Cohen from Tiberius and 20 year old Sgt. Moseh Davino from Jerusalem were killed today. (“In life they were loved and admired; they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.”)

2015: “The Outrageous Sophie Tucker” is scheduled to be shown at the Washington Jewish Film Festival.

2015: The Annual Karmiel Dance Festival is scheduled to begin today.

2015: “The trial of Dalibor Škopán, a Czech man accused of murdering Jirí Fiedler, his country’s leading scholar of Jewish history, began in Prague today.

2015: Today “Carnegie Deli was closed for upgrades to its energy lines after the discovery of improperly siphoning off natural gas for the previous six years.”

2015: Representative Sander D. Levin, a Democrat from Michigan who is “the longest-serving Jewish member of Congress” “announced his support in a statement” today that “he will support the Iran nuclear deal.”

2015: Today, “Los Angeles’ Dodger Stadium opened its first-ever kosher hot dog stand, Jeff’s Gourmet Sausage Factory” “which is open for the season’s remaining home games, except for those on Shabbat and Jewish holidays.” (As reported by Lisa Keys)

2015: Jonathan “Pollard’s pro bono attorneys announced in a news release” today that Jonathan Pollard who has been granted a parole is scheduled to be released on November 21^st.

2016: “Former Wall Street Banker, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski”, “the son of a Jewish doctor from Germany,” “was inaugurated as Peru’s new president today, vowing to kick-start the economy and unite a country torn by a photo-finish election.”

2016: Excerpts from Invisi'BALL by Nadine Bommer, the “New York-born, Israeli-bred choreographer” are scheduled to be shown at the New Victory Theatre.

2016: The Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center is scheduled to host a show of “Liga, Terezin,” “a documentary that tells the story of a 1942 soccer league that played in the Terezín Concentration Camp” followed by a discussion with Terezin survivor Steen Metz.

2016: UKJF is scheduled to host a screening of “Haven,” a film by Amikam Kovner, staring Lana Ettinger and Nevo Kimchi, filmed by cinematographer and Itay Marom and edited by Asaf Lapid.

2016: The Democratic National Convention is scheduled to come to an end in Philadelphia.

2017: After having premiered at Sundance six months ago “Person to Person,” starring Tavi Gevinson and Abbi Jacobson and featuring Ben Rosenfield and Benny Safdie was released in the United States today.

2017: In Manhattan, the 5^th Avenue Street Synagogue is scheduled to host Kabbalat Shabbat services following by a dinner that “is a celebration of the Jewish connection to Israel including “a short D'var Torah/discussion about the denial of Jewish history in Israel at the UN and in the Arab world, led by MJE's Rabbi Jonathan Feldman and the ZOA's Zach Stern.

2017: Today FDA Commissioner Scott “Gottlieb delayed application deadlines on newly deemed tobacco products, including premium cigars and electronic cigarettes, and announced that the FDA would take steps to regulate nicotine levels in combustible cigarettes to render the combustible cigarettes "minimally or non-addictive",[25] causing shares of tobacco company Altria that day to initially decline by 19%”

2017: The 9th International Conference on Borate Glasses, Crystals and Melts and the 2nd International Conference on Phosphate Materials where Dr. Steve Feller of Coe College in Cedar Rapids will honored is scheduled to end at St. Anne’s College, Oxford University

2017: “A Quiet Heart” and “The Young Karl Marx” are scheduled to be shown at the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival today.

2017: “Letters From Baghdad” is scheduled to open at theatres from coast to coast and in between including Lake Worth, FL, Lincoln NE and San Francisco, CA.

2018(16^th of Av, 5778): Parashat Va-etchanan; Shabbat Nachamu; anniversary of the Bar Mitzvah of David Levin when a large group of people got to hear, for the first time, the voice of this “sweet singer of Israel”

2018: The Arthur and Rochelle Belfer National Conference for Social Studies and History educators which is designed to “introduce participants to the”  United States Holocaust Memorial “Museum’s pedagogical approaching to teaching about the Holocaust, as well as Museum resources” is scheduled to come to an end today.

2018: On what would have been the 58^th birthday of food critic Jonathan Gold, who passed away a week ago, several buildings including the home of the “Los Angeles Times, City Hall, Union Station and the pylons at LAX” are scheduled to be lit up in honor of the occasion. (As reported by Andrea Chang)

2018: “The Oslo Diaries” and “A Paris Education” are scheduled to be shown this evening at the Jerusalem Jewish Film Festival.

2018: “The exhibition ‘Placing Memory’ which showcases the relations bounded by architecture and collective memory through the collaboration between two Israeli born artists, Zac Hacmon and Gal Cohen” is scheduled to come to a close at the Clemente Cultural and Educational Center.

2019: JW3 is scheduled to host screenings of “Tel Aviv on Fire” in Manchester and in London.

2019: In Atlanta, the Breman Museum will host Ronald Santos as he lectures on “Harry Houdini: Pulling Back the Veil in Search of Cecelia.

2019: Michael Winograd lead to the Klezmer orchestra, The Honorable Mentshn, to showcase an interactive panorama of classical and folk Klezmer music is among the musicians scheduled to appear at “Made In NYC 2.0: Heritage Sunday.”

2019: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Escape Room by Megan Goldin and the recently released paperback editions of The Age of Responsibility: Luck, Choice and the Welfare State by Yascha Mounk and Into the Hands of the Soldiers: Freedom and Chaos in Egypt and the Middle East by David D. Kirkpatrick.

2020: Congregation B’nai Torah is scheduled to present on line “Summer Song and Story” with Rabbi Dr. Lisa Eiduson and Cantorial Soloist Jodi Blankstein

2020: Temple Beth Shalom in New Albany and Temple Shir Shalom in West Bloomfield, Michigan are scheduled to host a virtual tour during which Participants will explore the Nabatean Spice Route.

2020: Peninsula JCC is scheduled to present judicial professor Kimberly Papillon talking about anti-racism, anti-Semitism and how to reduce the effects of unconscious prejudices on decision-making.

2020: The 11^th Annual Axelrod Israel Jewish Film Festival is schedule to host a virtual screening of “An Irrepressible Woman.”

2020: The Jewish Museum of Maryland is scheduled to host a livestream “Jews in Space: A Sneak Peek.”

2020: The Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center is scheduled to host a lunch and learn on “Resistance in the Ghetto,” part of the resilience series.

2020: The American Jewish Historical Society is scheduled to Emma Lazarus’s Red Manuscript, part of a new interactive Zoom Series.

2020: Two days after she had passed away, funeral services are scheduled to be held today for Harriet Gasway, the wife Bill Gasway, pillars of the Jewish community in Cedar Rapids and so much more.

2020: Today, actress Shira Haas “became the first Israeli to be nominated for an Emmy Award for her lead role in “Unorthodox.”

https://jwa.org/thisweek/jul/28/2020/shira-haas-becomes-first-israeli-nominated-emmy-award-her-lead-role-unorthodox

2020: As Israelis greet the day they continue to deal with the threat of the Pandemic but also may be confronting a renewal of the active of Hezbollah following yesterday’s success of the IDF at thwarting an attempted infiltration from Lebanon.

2021: The Jewish Heritage of Monmouth County is scheduled to present Beth Burn and Vic Schippo live in concert at the museum or on Zoom performing “Reunited in Song,” “from the Great American Songbook.

2021: In Collaboration with the Jerusalem Lyric Opera and the Czech Embassy, the Eden Tamir Music Center is scheduled to present “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” featuring the works by Liszt, Antonin Dvorak and Johannes Brahms performed by Israeli and International artists.

2022: Hadassah Brandeis Institute is scheduled to present the opening of the exhibition “Seven Species, Three Generations,” in which “seven women artists in the Schon family offer a feminist interpretation of Israel’s seven species: wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives and dates.”

2022: The S.F. Jewish Film Festivals is scheduled to present a screening of “Minyan Duty,” the 14-minute drama-comedy in English as part of the program “Jews in Shorts: Narrative Program II which is about two sisters and a non-Jewish passerby attempting to recite Kaddish.

2022: AJT is scheduled to host “A Listening Town Hall,” led by Executive Director Willow Jade Norton and Board President Jesse Bernstein.

2022: The JWA Book Club is scheduled to host a talk by Siona Benjamin, contributor to Growing Up Jewish in India: From the Bene Israel to the Art of Siona Benjamin, about the Jewish communities of India, and illustrator of the children’s book I Am Hava, a story about the world’s most famous Jewish song—as told by the song herself.”

2022: The 108th Annual Meeting of the Jewish Federation of Greater Des Moines which will feature guest speaker (via Zoom) Rabbi Charlie Cytron-Walker, who drew international acclaim for his handling of a January 15, 2022, hostage-takeover at Congregation Beth Israel in Colleyville, Texas is scheduled to begin this even.

2022: The Klezmer Street Party Fundraiser of Ukrainian Refugee Relief during which participants can Dance in the street to a big band of about 20 musicians from and friends of Saul Goodman's Klezmer Band is scheduled to take place this evening outside of Saul’s Deli in Berkley, CA.

2022: Lockdown University is scheduled to host a webinar withTrudy Gold lecturing on Antisemitism and Anti-Zionism: The Virus Spreads

2022: Congregation Kehillath Israel is scheduled to present “Jazz Meets Israeli and Jewish Melodies” featuring Internationally renowned Israeli pianist and composer Moshe Elmakias

2022: An Israeli delegation is scheduled to be Moscow today to meet with Russian officials amid the Russian crackdown on the Jewish Agency's branch in the country.

2023: Closing date for applications to become a member of the young people’s jury that will select the best short film for the upcoming 2023 UK Jewish Film Festival.

2023: In Coralville, Agudas Achim is scheduled to welcome RAGBRAI riders to attend a Shabbat dinner prior to services as well as opening the building to RAGBRAI participants camping the parking lot or the in the adjacent park.

2023: Chabad of Iowa City is scheduled to host “Ragbrai Shabbat” with services followed by a Shabbat Dinner.

2023: In the midst of a triple digit heat wave, in Cedar Rapids, graveside services are scheduled to be held at Eben Israel Cemetery for Andreya “AJ” Schneider.

2023: Anti-judicial overhaul protests are expected to continue in Israel today.

2023: The Illinois Holocaust Museum is scheduled to waive admissions so that everyone can “visit and be inspired by Upstanders fighting for social and human rights causes in the Take a Stand Center, delve into the history and lessons of the Holocaust in the Karkomi Holocaust Exhibition, and more.”